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Protein C Deficiency is a rare inherited or acquired condition of blood clotting in which the body has insufficient amounts or decreased activity of protein C, a natural anticoagulant that helps regulate blood clot formation. Without enough protein C activity, the blood is more likely to clot, raising the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and recurrent venous thromboembolism. Inherited protein C insufficiency is caused by abnormalities in the PROC gene and can be present from birth, whereas acquired variations can occur from liver illness, severe infections, vitamin K inadequacy, or certain drugs. Some people never have symptoms throughout their lifetime, while others develop painful swelling of the leg, chest pain, or breathing problems from blood clots. In severe cases in the baby, a life-threatening disease known as purpura fulminans can develop.

Diagnosis is made by blood tests measuring protein C activity and antigen and by genetic testing where suitable. The treatment will depend on the severity and the clinical history. Anticoagulants like heparin or warfarin are common drugs to prevent or treat blood clots. In severe cases, protein C concentrate might be needed. Prevention is not sitting still too long; staying in shape, drinking enough fluids, and talking with your doctor before surgery or pregnancy. “Early diagnosis and appropriate management reduce the risk of serious clotting complications and improve long-term outcomes.”