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Clotting disorders are a group of conditions that interfere with the body's normal blood clotting process. Blood clotting is a complex mechanism involving platelets, clotting factors, and blood vessels that work together to stop bleeding after an injury. When this process is disrupted, individuals may experience excessive bleeding or develop abnormal blood clots that block blood vessels. Clotting disorders may be inherited, such as haemophilia and von Willebrand disease, or acquired due to medical conditions, medications, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, autoimmune disorders, or pregnancy-related complications.

Symptoms vary depending on the type of disorder. Bleeding disorders often cause frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding after injuries or surgery, heavy menstrual bleeding, and bleeding into joints or muscles. Disorders associated with excessive clotting can lead to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, or heart attack, which require urgent medical treatment.

Diagnosis includes a detailed medical history, physical examination, complete blood count, coagulation tests such as PT and aPTT, clotting factor assays, genetic testing, and imaging studies when blood clots are suspected. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve clotting factor replacement, anticoagulant medications, vitamin K therapy, or other targeted treatments. Early diagnosis, appropriate management, and regular monitoring significantly reduce complications and improve long-term health outcomes.