Thrombocytosis

Thrombocytosis is a haematological condition characterized by an abnormally high number of platelets in the bloodstream. Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting, but excessive levels can increase the likelihood of abnormal clot formation or, in some cases, bleeding complications. Thrombocytosis is broadly classified into two types: reactive (secondary) thrombocytosis and primary thrombocytosis. Reactive thrombocytosis is more common and develops in response to conditions such as infections, inflammation, iron deficiency, surgery, trauma, cancer, or recovery after significant blood loss. Primary thrombocytosis is usually caused by bone marrow disorders, particularly myeloproliferative neoplasms such as Essential Thrombocythaemia.

Many individuals with thrombocytosis experience no symptoms, and the condition is often detected during routine blood tests. When symptoms occur, they may include headaches, dizziness, chest pain, tingling in the hands or feet, vision changes, or fatigue. Severe cases can lead to complications such as deep vein thrombosis, stroke, heart attack, or excessive bleeding.

Diagnosis involves a complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, iron studies, inflammatory markers, genetic testing, and bone marrow examination when necessary. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Reactive thrombocytosis often resolves after treating the triggering condition, while primary thrombocytosis may require medications to lower platelet counts and reduce the risk of thrombotic complications. Regular medical monitoring supports effective long-term management.