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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening condition in which the body's blood clotting process becomes abnormally activated throughout the bloodstream. Instead of forming clots only at injury sites, numerous tiny clots develop within blood vessels, reducing blood flow to vital organs. As clotting factors and platelets become depleted, the body loses its ability to control bleeding, leading to severe haemorrhage.

DIC is not a disease itself but a complication of serious underlying conditions such as severe infections (sepsis), major trauma, cancer, obstetric emergencies, burns, or severe allergic reactions. Symptoms vary depending on the severity and may include unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding from wounds, nosebleeds, blood in urine or stool, shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion, and signs of organ failure.

Diagnosis involves blood tests including platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen levels, and D-dimer testing. Treatment primarily focuses on managing the underlying cause while supporting the body's clotting balance. Patients may require blood transfusions, platelet concentrates, fresh frozen plasma, or anticoagulant therapy in selected cases.

Early recognition, intensive monitoring, and prompt medical intervention are essential to improve survival and prevent life-threatening complications associated with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.