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Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps blood platelets stick together and stabilises clotting factor VIII. Without adequate VWF, normal blood clotting is impaired, resulting in prolonged or excessive bleeding. The condition affects both males and females and may range from mild to severe depending on the type and level of VWF deficiency.

Common symptoms include frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, excessive bleeding after surgery or dental procedures, bleeding gums, and heavy menstrual bleeding in women. Severe forms may also cause bleeding into joints, muscles, or the gastrointestinal tract, although this is less common than in haemophilia.

Diagnosis involves a detailed medical history, family history, physical examination, complete blood count, clotting studies, and specialised laboratory tests measuring von Willebrand factor levels, activity, and factor VIII levels. Accurate diagnosis is important because symptoms can resemble other bleeding disorders.

Treatment depends on the severity and type of the disease. Options include desmopressin (DDAVP), von Willebrand factor replacement therapy, antifibrinolytic medications, and hormonal treatments for heavy menstrual bleeding. With appropriate diagnosis, regular monitoring, and personalised medical care, most individuals with Von Willebrand disease can lead healthy, active, and fulfilling lives.