Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells, a specialised form of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. In this condition, abnormal plasma cells multiply within the bone marrow, interfering with normal blood cell production and producing harmful proteins that can damage bones, kidneys, and the immune system. Multiple Myeloma most commonly affects older adults and usually progresses gradually.

Common symptoms include persistent bone pain, especially in the spine or ribs, fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, excessive thirst, kidney problems, and fractures caused by weakened bones. Some individuals may also experience anaemia, high calcium levels, or numbness due to nerve compression.
Diagnosis typically includes blood and urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, serum protein electrophoresis, imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, CT, or PET scans, and genetic testing to determine disease characteristics. These investigations help assess disease severity and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment may involve targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, stem cell transplantation, bisphosphonates to strengthen bones, and supportive care to manage symptoms. Regular monitoring is essential to evaluate treatment response and detect disease progression or relapse. Early diagnosis, personalised treatment strategies, healthy lifestyle practices, and comprehensive follow-up care significantly improve symptom control, quality of life, and long-term survival for individuals living with Multiple Myeloma.