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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system, affecting lymphocytes, the white blood cells responsible for protecting the body against infections. Unlike Hodgkin Lymphoma, NHL does not contain Reed–Sternberg cells and includes many different subtypes that vary in behaviour, growth rate, and treatment response.

Symptoms often include painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin, persistent fatigue, unexplained fever, night sweats, weight loss, frequent infections, and abdominal discomfort. Depending on the affected organs, some individuals may experience chest pain, breathing difficulties, or digestive problems.

Diagnosis involves a thorough physical examination, blood tests, lymph node biopsy, immunophenotyping, imaging studies such as CT, PET, or MRI scans, and bone marrow evaluation when necessary. Identifying the specific subtype is essential for selecting the most effective treatment.

Treatment depends on the type and stage of lymphoma and may include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or active surveillance for slow-growing forms. Regular follow-up care is crucial to assess treatment response, detect recurrence, and manage long-term health. Early diagnosis, personalised treatment plans, and comprehensive supportive care greatly improve survival, disease control, and overall quality of life for patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.