Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia(AML) is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow that develops when immature myeloid cells multiply uncontrollably. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood-forming cells, reducing the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. AML occurs more frequently in adults, particularly older individuals, but it can also affect children and younger adults.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, pale skin, shortness of breath, bone pain, and unexplained weight loss. Some patients may also experience swollen gums or enlarged liver and spleen. Diagnosis involves complete blood counts, peripheral blood smear examination, bone marrow biopsy, immunophenotyping, genetic testing, and molecular analysis to classify the disease and guide treatment.

Treatment usually begins immediately and may include intensive chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or supportive care depending on the patient's age, overall health, and genetic profile. Recent advances in precision medicine have improved treatment options and survival rates for many AML patients.

Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor remission, detect relapse, and manage treatment-related complications. Early diagnosis, personalised therapy, infection prevention, nutritional support, and comprehensive medical care significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and long-term survival.