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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) is a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow that primarily affects immature white blood cells known as lymphoblasts. These abnormal cells multiply uncontrollably, preventing the production of healthy blood cells, including red blood cells, platelets, and functional white blood cells. ALL is the most common childhood leukaemia, although it can also develop in adults.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, frequent infections, fever, easy bruising, bleeding gums, pale skin, swollen lymph nodes, bone or joint pain, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis, and imaging studies when required to determine disease extent.

Treatment usually begins immediately after diagnosis and may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation for selected patients. Advances in personalised medicine have significantly improved survival rates, particularly among children diagnosed early.

Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor treatment response, detect relapse, and manage long-term side effects. Maintaining good nutrition, infection prevention, emotional support, and adherence to prescribed therapies contribute to better recovery and quality of life. Early diagnosis, comprehensive care, and modern treatment approaches offer many patients an excellent chance of achieving long-term remission and improved overall survival.