Trauma & Stress-Related Disorders

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders are mental health disorders that arise following exposure to or witnessing of very upsetting, frightening, or overpowering experiences. These incidents could include physical or emotional abuse, accidents, natural disasters, assault, bullying, neglect, or the abrupt death of a loved one. Most people will recover spontaneously over time, but some will endure long-term emotional and psychological problems that impact their everyday living.

Typical symptoms include persistent terror, anxiety, nightmares, flashbacks, emotional numbness, impatience, difficulties concentrating, sleep problems, and avoiding things that remind you of the traumatic experience. Children may regress, exhibit separation anxiety, act out, withdraw, or do poorly in school. This group includes Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, and Reactive Attachment Disorder.

Diagnosis is based on a full psychiatric evaluation, symptoms, and knowledge of the person’s trauma history. Treatment generally involves trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), supportive counselling, family therapy and, where needed, medication to help control anxiety or depression.

Early intervention, a safe and supportive environment and competent mental health care considerably boost the chances of recovery. With the right treatment, people can work through traumatic experiences, learn healthy ways to cope, grow emotional resilience and restore confidence.