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Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic that persist for more than one year. Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 5 and 10 years and often change in type, frequency, and severity over time. Common motor tics include eye blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head movements, while vocal tics may involve throat clearing, sniffing, grunting, or repeating sounds or words. Many children experience a temporary urge before a tic, followed by relief after performing it.

The exact cause of Tourette syndrome is not fully understood, but genetic factors and differences in brain regions responsible for movement control are believed to contribute. The condition frequently occurs alongside attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, or learning difficulties, which may have a greater impact than the tics themselves.

Diagnosis is based on medical history, symptom duration, and clinical evaluation. There is no cure, but many individuals experience reduced symptoms during adolescence or adulthood. Treatment depends on symptom severity and may include Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT), counseling, educational support, and medications when necessary. Early diagnosis, family understanding, and a supportive school environment help individuals build confidence, improve daily functioning, and enjoy a better quality of life.