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Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, particularly the valves. Bacteria or fungi can settle on the valves and develop abnormal growths called vegetations. It commonly occurs when bacteria enter the circulation from poor oral hygiene, skin infections, invasive surgeries, or certain heart diseases. People with prosthetic valves, congenital heart disease, or a previous history of endocarditis are at greater risk.

Acute cases can cause a quick onset of symptoms, and subacute cases can cause a progressive onset of symptoms. Common symptoms are fever, chills, fatigue, night sweats, loss of appetite, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing. The infection can also damage the valves, produce murmurs, and lead to consequences such as heart failure and embolism.

Echocardiography and clinical diagnosis are generally required with blood cultures. Treatment involves extended courses of intravenous antibiotics, directed at the organism causing the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be required to repair or replace damaged valves or remove infected tissue. Getting diagnosed and treated early can help prevent serious problems and enhance recovery.