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Aortic valve regurgitation is a condition in which the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak back from the aorta into the left ventricle after each heartbeat. This backward flow forces the heart to work harder to maintain adequate blood circulation throughout the body. The condition may develop gradually over many years or occur suddenly due to infection, trauma, or damage to the valve.

Common causes include congenital valve abnormalities, age-related valve degeneration, rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, and enlargement of the aorta. Mild cases may not produce noticeable symptoms, while moderate to severe regurgitation can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, chest discomfort, heart palpitations, dizziness, and swelling in the legs.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and, when necessary, cardiac MRI or CT imaging to evaluate valve function and heart size. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include medications to manage blood pressure and symptoms. Severe cases often require surgical aortic valve repair or replacement to restore normal blood flow and prevent heart failure. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and timely treatment significantly improve long-term heart function and overall quality of life.