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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the wall that separates the heart's two upper chambers, known as the atria. This opening allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, increasing blood flow to the lungs and placing extra strain on the heart over time.

Small ASDs may cause no symptoms and can close naturally during childhood. However, larger defects often require treatment to prevent complications such as heart enlargement, irregular heart rhythms, pulmonary hypertension, or heart failure. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath during physical activity, frequent respiratory infections, and reduced exercise tolerance.

Treatment depends on the size and location of the defect. Many secundum ASDs can be closed using a minimally invasive catheter-based device, while larger or more complex defects may require open-heart surgery with sutures or a surgical patch. Both procedures have high success rates and excellent long-term outcomes.

Following treatment, most patients experience improved heart function and can return to normal daily activities after recovery. Regular follow-up with a cardiologist is recommended to monitor heart health and detect any potential complications. Early diagnosis and timely intervention significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of long-term cardiovascular problems.