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Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to expand, stretch, and become thinner, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood adequately. It typically involves the left ventricle but might eventually include all four chambers. The pumping function is reduced, so the body receives less blood rich in oxygen, and the risk of heart failure and other catastrophic conditions increases.

Genetics, viral infections, long-term high blood pressure, severe alcohol usage, certain drugs, dietary deficits, or autoimmune illnesses can cause DCM. Occasionally the cause is unknown, and the condition is called idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Symptoms include weariness, shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and ankles, chest pain, disorientation, and irregular heart rhythms. Diagnosis is generally based on physical exam, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac MRI, blood tests, and other imaging procedures to determine the anatomy and function of the heart.

The purpose of treatment is to enhance heart function, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. They may suggest medication, lifestyle changes, implanted devices like pacemakers or defibrillators, or a heart transplant in severe circumstances. Early diagnosis, good medical follow-up, and correct therapy can considerably improve the quality of life and the long-term outcome of patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.