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Heart failure conditions refer to a group of disorders in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's oxygen and nutrient demands. This does not mean the heart has stopped working; instead, its pumping ability becomes weakened or stiff. Heart failure may develop due to coronary artery disease, long-standing high blood pressure, heart valve disorders, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, or previous heart attacks. It can affect the left side, right side, or both sides of the heart.

Common symptoms include persistent shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen, rapid weight gain from fluid retention, and reduced ability to perform daily activities. Some individuals may also experience a persistent cough, irregular heartbeat, or difficulty lying flat because of breathing discomfort.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and other imaging studies to evaluate heart function. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms, improving heart performance, and preventing disease progression. Lifestyle changes such as reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and quitting smoking are essential. Medications, implantable devices, or advanced surgical treatments may be recommended depending on the severity and underlying cause of heart failure.