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Cardiac fibromas are rare benign tumours that originate from fibrous connective tissue in the myocardium. It is not malignant but can become large enough to interfere with the regular functioning of the heart. Cardiac fibromas are most commonly diagnosed in newborns and children, although they can occasionally occur in adults. Cardiac fibromas normally develop in the walls of the ventricles, especially the left ventricle, and do not extend (metastasise) to other areas of the body.

The symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumour. Some people have no symptoms at all. Others may have chest pain, palpitations (a feeling of a rapid heartbeat), fainting, difficulty breathing or life-threatening disorders of the heart rhythm. Big tumours can block the flow of blood or make it harder for the heart to pump well and cause signs and symptoms of heart failure.

The diagnosis is usually by echocardiography, cardiac MRI, CT scan and electrocardiography to assess the nature of the tumour and its influence on cardiac function. In certain cases, the diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy or surgical pathology.

Treatment depends on symptoms and the size of the tumour. Small, asymptomatic fibromas may simply need regular monitoring. Symptomatic or large tumours often must be surgically removed to restore normal heart function and reduce the risk of catastrophic consequences. Many individuals have excellent long-term outcomes and an improved quality of life with immediate diagnosis and proper treatment.