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Traumatic Aortic Injury (TAI) is a critical condition that occurs when the aorta, the body's largest artery, is damaged following high-impact trauma. Motor vehicle collisions, significant falls, and crushing chest injuries are among the most common causes. The injury most frequently affects the section of the aorta just beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery, where rapid deceleration places intense stress on the vessel. Depending on the severity, damage may range from a small tear in the inner lining to complete rupture, which can result in rapid internal bleeding and death if untreated.

Patients may experience chest pain, back pain, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, or signs of shock, although some individuals have minimal symptoms initially. Prompt diagnosis is essential and typically relies on contrast-enhanced CT angiography, which accurately identifies the location and extent of injury. Initial management focuses on stabilizing blood pressure and preventing further damage to the aortic wall. In many cases, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment because it is less invasive than open surgery and offers faster recovery. Early recognition, timely intervention, and comprehensive trauma care significantly improve survival rates and reduce the risk of life-threatening complications.