Cachexia

Cachexia is a serious and multifactorial condition characterized by involuntary weight loss, progressive muscle wasting, and physical weakness that cannot be fully reversed through normal nutritional support alone. It commonly occurs in individuals suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and advanced infections. Unlike simple starvation, cachexia involves complex metabolic changes that lead to the breakdown of muscle and fat tissues even when adequate calories are consumed.

People with cachexia often experience loss of appetite, fatigue, reduced physical performance, and diminished quality of life. The condition results from a combination of inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and altered metabolism, which increase energy expenditure and promote tissue degradation. As muscle mass declines, patients may struggle with daily activities and become more vulnerable to complications.

Early recognition and management are important to slow disease progression and improve overall well-being. Treatment typically focuses on addressing the underlying illness, optimizing nutritional intake, encouraging appropriate physical activity, and managing symptoms that interfere with eating. In some cases, medications may be used to stimulate appetite or reduce inflammation. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, dietitians, and rehabilitation specialists can help support patients living with cachexia and enhance their functional capacity and quality of life.