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Selenium deficiency is a nutritional condition that occurs when the body does not receive enough selenium, an essential trace mineral required for various biological functions. Selenium plays a critical role in supporting the immune system, protecting cells from oxidative damage, regulating thyroid hormone metabolism, and maintaining overall health. Although selenium is needed in small amounts, inadequate intake can have significant health consequences.

People with selenium deficiency may experience symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, impaired immunity, hair loss, cognitive difficulties, and thyroid dysfunction. Severe deficiency has been associated with certain heart conditions, including cardiomyopathy, and may contribute to fertility problems in both men and women. Individuals living in regions with selenium-poor soil, those with digestive disorders that impair nutrient absorption, and people on restrictive diets are at greater risk.

Dietary sources of selenium include Brazil nuts, seafood, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, whole grains, and legumes. Maintaining a balanced diet is usually sufficient to meet daily selenium requirements. In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend selenium supplements, especially for individuals with diagnosed deficiencies or increased nutritional needs.

Early identification and treatment of selenium deficiency are important to prevent complications. A nutrient-rich diet, proper medical evaluation, and addressing underlying health conditions can help restore selenium levels and support optimal health and well-being.