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Vitamin K Deficiency is a condition in which the body doesn’t have enough vitamin K to help blood clot normally and keep bones healthy. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin needed for the formation of coagulation proteins. Low levels can make it more difficult for the body to stop bleeding if wounded, increasing the risk of severe bruising and haemorrhage.

Deficiency is most frequent in infants, in those with digestive problems that impair fat absorption, and in people using long-term antibiotics or certain drugs that interfere with vitamin K metabolism. Signs and symptoms include easy bruising, frequent nosebleeds, bleeding gums, bleeding that takes a long time to cease after an injury, heavy menstrual bleeding, and blood in the urine or stool. Internal haemorrhage is a major medical concern, especially in catastrophic conditions.

Vitamin K helps keep your bones strong by controlling how your body uses calcium. Green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, broccoli and cabbage; certain vegetable oils; and fermented foods are beneficial dietary sources.
Blood clotting assays and vitamin K levels are often used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment includes correction of dietary intake, management of underlying medical disorders, and vitamin K supplementation if required. Clotting normally may be possible if the condition is identified and treated early, thereby diminishing the chance of complications.