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Magnesium deficiency occurs when the body does not have enough magnesium to support normal physiological functions. Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood sugar regulation, and bone health. A deficiency can develop due to inadequate dietary intake, gastrointestinal disorders, chronic alcohol consumption, uncontrolled diabetes, certain medications, or conditions that impair nutrient absorption.

Common symptoms of magnesium deficiency include muscle cramps, fatigue, weakness, numbness, tingling sensations, loss of appetite, nausea, and abnormal heart rhythms. In severe cases, it may contribute to anxiety, seizures, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular complications. Since magnesium plays a critical role in maintaining electrolyte balance, low levels can also affect potassium and calcium regulation within the body.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical symptoms, dietary assessment, and laboratory testing. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and increasing magnesium intake through magnesium-rich foods such as nuts, seeds, whole grains, legumes, leafy green vegetables, and dairy products. In some cases, magnesium supplements may be recommended under medical supervision.