Obesity

Obesity is a complex chronic disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat that can negatively impact overall health. It develops when energy intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure, although genetics, hormones, metabolism, environmental influences, medications, and lifestyle factors also contribute significantly. Obesity affects people of all ages and has become one of the most common public health concerns worldwide.

Healthcare professionals often use Body Mass Index (BMI) as a screening tool to assess obesity. Still, additional measurements such as waist circumference and body composition can provide a more complete evaluation. Excess body weight places increased strain on multiple body systems. They may contribute to serious health conditions including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers.

The symptoms of obesity may include reduced mobility, fatigue, shortness of breath during physical activity, joint pain, and decreased physical endurance. In addition to physical health concerns, obesity can also affect mental and emotional well-being, leading to reduced self-confidence, anxiety, or depression in some individuals.

Treatment focuses on achieving sustainable weight loss and improving overall health through balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, behavioral counseling, and lifestyle modifications. In selected cases, medications or bariatric surgery may be recommended. Long-term management and ongoing support are essential for maintaining a healthy weight and reducing obesity-related health risks.