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Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), primarily HSV-2, although HSV-1 can also cause genital infections. The virus spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, oral, or anal sexual activity. Once infected, the virus remains in the body and may reactivate periodically, causing recurring outbreaks.

Symptoms of genital herpes often include painful blisters or sores around the genitals, anus, thighs, or buttocks. Some individuals may experience itching, burning sensations, fever, body aches, or swollen lymph nodes during the first outbreak. In many cases, symptoms are mild or absent, allowing the infection to spread unknowingly. Recurrences are generally less severe than the initial episode but may still cause discomfort and emotional stress.

Diagnosis is based on physical examination, laboratory testing of sores, or blood tests that detect herpes antibodies. Although there is no permanent cure for genital herpes, antiviral medications can reduce symptom severity, shorten outbreaks, and lower transmission risk. Practicing safe sex, avoiding sexual contact during active outbreaks, using condoms consistently, and maintaining open communication with partners help reduce the spread of the infection and support long-term sexual health.