Syphilis

Syphilis spreads primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse, but can also pass from a pregnant mother to her baby during pregnancy or childbirth. Syphilis develops in stages, and symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious long-term health complications.

The first stage, known as primary syphilis, usually presents as a painless sore called a chancre at the site of infection. Secondary syphilis may cause skin rashes, fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and mouth sores. If left untreated, the infection can enter a latent stage with no visible symptoms. Advanced or tertiary syphilis can damage the brain, nerves, heart, eyes, and other organs, leading to severe disability or life-threatening complications.

Diagnosis involves blood tests and physical examination by a healthcare professional. Syphilis is commonly treated with antibiotics, especially penicillin, which is highly effective in the early stages. Preventive measures include practicing safe sex, regular STD screening, limiting multiple sexual partners, and seeking prompt medical care when symptoms appear or exposure is suspected.