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Testicular cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably inside one or both testicles. It most commonly affects males between the ages of 15 and 40, although it can occur at any age. The exact cause is not always known, but risk factors may include undescended testicles, family history, infertility, or previous testicular cancer. Early detection plays a major role in successful treatment and recovery.

The most common symptom is a painless lump or swelling in the testicle. Some men may also experience heaviness in the scrotum, dull aching pain in the lower abdomen, fluid buildup, or discomfort in the groin area. In advanced stages, symptoms such as back pain, chest pain, or breathing difficulties may occur if the cancer spreads.

Diagnosis usually involves physical examination, ultrasound imaging, blood tumor marker tests, and additional scans if necessary. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted treatment. Most cases respond very well to treatment, especially when diagnosed early. Regular self-examination and timely medical consultation help improve outcomes and support long-term health.