Medical Services

A herniated disc—also called a slipped or ruptured disc—happens when the gel like center of an intervertebral disc pushes through a tear in its tough outer layer and presses on adjacent nerves or the spinal cord. It most commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine) and neck (cervical spine), where movement and load bearing are greatest. Causes include age-related disc degeneration, sudden strain, heavy lifting with improper technique, repetitive bending, or trauma.

Symptoms range from mild to severe and depend on the location and size of the herniation. Many people experience local back or neck pain, radiating pain down the arm or leg (such as sciatica), numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness. In rare but serious cases, a herniated disc can compress nerves that control bowel or bladder function, requiring urgent medical care.

Diagnosis usually combines a physical exam with imaging such as MRI or CT to confirm nerve root involvement. Treatment typically begins with conservative measures—rest, pain relievers, anti inflammatory drugs, activity modification, and physiotherapy—aimed at reducing inflammation and improving strength and posture. Most patients improve within weeks to months without surgery. If symptoms persist or nerve related weakness progresses, procedures such as microdiscectomy or other minimally invasive surgeries may be considered.