Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and a progressive joint disorder that occurs when the protective cartilage cushioning the ends of bones gradually wears down. This leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility, most commonly affecting the knees, hips, hands, spine, and shoulders. It is often associated with aging, but factors such as obesity, joint injuries, repetitive stress, and genetics can also increase the risk.

Symptoms typically develop slowly and worsen over time, starting with joint discomfort during movement and progressing to persistent pain, stiffness after inactivity, and limited range of motion. In advanced cases, joints may become enlarged or deformed, affecting daily activities and quality of life.

Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, imaging studies like X-rays or MRI, and assessment of symptoms. While there is no complete cure for osteoarthritis, treatment focuses on relieving pain and improving function. Common options include physical therapy, lifestyle changes, weight management, pain medications, joint injections, and, in severe cases, joint replacement surgery.

Early diagnosis and proper management can help slow progression, reduce discomfort, and maintain an active, independent lifestyle.