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Bone tumors are abnormal growths that arise within bone tissue and can be benign or malignant, with differing behavior, prognosis, and treatment approaches. Primary bone cancers — most commonly osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma — originate in bone cells and are distinct from metastatic lesions that spread to bone from other organs. Benign lesions such as osteochondromas or giant cell tumors may cause pain, swelling, or fractures by weakening bone, but often remain localized. Presentation frequently includes persistent bone pain (worse at night), localized swelling, reduced function, and pathologic fractures; symptoms and age distribution vary by tumor type, with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma more common in children and adolescents, while chondrosarcoma typically affects adults.

Diagnosis combines imaging (X-ray, MRI, CT, bone scan) and biopsy for histologic classification following WHO categories, which guide staging and treatment planning. Management is multidisciplinary: surgery is central for local control, chemotherapy is standard for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, and radiation is used selectively or for palliation; prognosis depends on tumor type, stage, location, and response to therapy. Regular follow-up monitors recurrence and functional recovery.