Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation occurs when the skin generates too much melanin, causing dark spots or patches, usually on the face, hands, or sun-exposed areas. They are common in adults and are not hazardous, but they can be unattractive. The disease occurs when melanocytes overproduce pigment as a reaction to triggers.

Causes Major

Sun exposure makes melanin production rise and makes spots worse with time. Melasma. This causes irregular brown-grey spots, mainly in women, due to alterations in hormones such as pregnancy or birth control. There are other causes, such as inflammation from rashes, acne or illnesses such as Cushing’s disease and blue light from electronics.

Treatment Choices

Regular usage of retinols exfoliates and prevents pigment production, resulting in better tone and texture. Chemical peels and laser procedures can address excess pigment but need skilled practitioners to avoid irritation. Daily SPF 50+ sunscreen (preferably tinted with iron oxide) helps prevent it, as do prescription treatments with hydroquinone or azelaic acid.

Tips for Prevention

Use a broad-spectrum sunblock many times a day, even inside, to prevent UV and visible light damage. Minimise sun exposure and use protective clothes. Results of treatment will take weeks to months as a long-term effort. Genetics has a role; therefore, early dermatologist visits guarantee personalised attention.