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Unlike osteoporosis,
which involves reduced bone density, osteomalacia results from
inadequate calcium and phosphate deposition, primarily caused by vitamin D
deficiency. This condition is most common in adults, while its childhood
counterpart is known as rickets.
The lack of vitamin D may
stem from insufficient sunlight exposure, poor dietary intake, or malabsorption
disorders. Patients often experience diffuse bone pain, muscle weakness, and
difficulty walking. In severe cases, fractures occur even with minimal trauma,
highlighting the fragility of affected bones.
Diagnosis typically involves
blood tests showing low vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate levels,
alongside imaging studies that reveal characteristic bone changes. Treatment
focuses on correcting the underlying deficiency through vitamin D and
calcium supplementation, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications such
as increased sun exposure.
Preventive strategies include maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamin D and calcium, regular outdoor activity, and early detection of risk factors. With timely intervention, osteomalacia can be reversed, restoring bone strength and improving quality of life.