Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disorder that weakens bones and makes them fragile and more likely to break. It develops when the body loses too much bone mass, produces too little bone tissue, or both. The condition commonly affects older adults, especially postmenopausal women, because hormonal changes reduce bone strength over time. However, men can also develop osteoporosis due to aging, poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, or certain medical conditions.

Bones affected by osteoporosis become porous and fragile, leading to fractures even after minor falls or sudden movements. The hips, spine, and wrists are the most commonly injured areas. Early stages often show no symptoms, which is why osteoporosis is sometimes called a “silent disease.” As it progresses, individuals may experience back pain, loss of height, stooped posture, or repeated fractures.

Prevention and management include consuming calcium- and vitamin D-rich foods, engaging in weight-bearing exercises, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Doctors may also recommend medications to slow bone loss and improve bone strength. Early diagnosis through bone density testing can significantly reduce complications and improve quality of life.