Marasmus

Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition caused by a prolonged deficiency of both calories and protein. It commonly affects infants and young children, particularly in regions facing poverty, food scarcity, or inadequate feeding practices. Unlike other forms of malnutrition, marasmus results from overall energy deprivation, leading the body to use its own fat and muscle tissues for survival.

Children with marasmus appear extremely thin and emaciated, with prominent bones, loss of body fat, and severe muscle wasting. Their skin may become dry and loose, giving an aged appearance. They often experience stunted growth, weakness, and low energy. Due to weakened immunity, they are highly vulnerable to infections such as diarrhea, respiratory illnesses, and other diseases. Mental and physical development may also be significantly delayed.

Marasmus can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Management involves careful nutritional rehabilitation, including gradual introduction of energy-rich and protein-rich foods, along with proper medical care. Hydration, infection control, and micronutrient supplementation are also essential parts of treatment.

Preventing marasmus requires ensuring adequate food intake, promoting breastfeeding, improving maternal nutrition, and increasing awareness about balanced diets and proper child care practices in vulnerable communities.