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Malnutrition disorders arise when the body receives either too few or too many nutrients, or when nutrients are poorly utilized. These conditions broadly fall into undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition with obesity?related diseases. Undernutrition appears as wasting (low weight?for?height), stunting (low height?for?age), underweight (low weight?for?age), and vitamin?mineral deficits, especially in children.

Micronutrient?related malnutrition includes deficiencies such as iron?deficiency anemia, vitamin?A deficiency?linked blindness, and iodine?deficiency?related goiter. Overnutrition and obesity increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Malnourished individuals often suffer weakened immunity, poor growth, cognitive impairment, and higher mortality, particularly in early life. Timely screening, balanced diets, and targeted supplementation are key to preventing and managing these disorders.