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Vascular malformations are structural defects of blood vessels that form before birth and may not become obvious until later in childhood or adulthood. Unlike vascular tumors, they do not typically regress on their own and can enlarge gradually over time. They may involve veins, arteries, lymphatic vessels, or a combination of these channels, leading to abnormal blood flow or pooling. Common types include venous malformations, lymphatic malformations, capillary malformations, and arteriovenous malformations.

Symptoms depend on location and size, but may include visible discoloration, swelling, discomfort, bleeding, or reduced movement. Some lesions remain stable and only need observation, while others require treatment because of pain, cosmetic concerns, or complications. Management may include sclerotherapy, embolization, laser therapy, surgery, or a combination of approaches. Because these conditions can be complex, care is often best coordinated by a multidisciplinary team with experience in vascular anomalies.