Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is a condition in which the potassium level in the blood becomes lower than normal. Potassium is essential for healthy muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and normal heart rhythm. Low potassium can develop because of vomiting, diarrhea, laxative use, certain medicines, excessive sweating, kidney disorders, or poor dietary intake. Mild hypokalemia may cause no symptoms at first, but it can lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, cramps, tingling, and irregular heartbeat. In more serious cases, it may cause paralysis or breathing problems.

Diagnosis is usually made through a blood test, along with evaluation of the underlying cause. Treatment depends on severity and may include potassium-rich foods, oral supplements, IV potassium, and correction of the condition causing the loss. Prompt treatment is important because severe hypokalemia can become dangerous, especially for the heart and muscles.