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Hyponatremia is a medical condition in which the sodium level in the blood becomes lower than normal. It often happens when the body holds too much water, which dilutes sodium and disturbs fluid balance. Common causes include certain medicines, heart, kidney, or liver problems, and excessive water intake without enough electrolytes. Symptoms may include nausea, headache, fatigue, muscle weakness, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.

Treatment depends on the cause and severity, and may involve fluid restriction, adjusting medicines, or carefully replacing sodium under medical supervision. Early diagnosis is important because rapid or severe hyponatremia can become dangerous and affect brain function.