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Growth and puberty disorders are conditions that disrupt normal physical development in children and adolescents. These disorders may result from hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, chronic illnesses, or environmental influences. Proper growth depends largely on the action of Growth Hormone, produced by the pituitary gland. Deficiency of this hormone can lead to short stature or delayed development, while excess may cause abnormal height increase.

Puberty disorders include delayed or precocious puberty. In delayed puberty, physical changes such as breast development in girls or testicular enlargement in boys occur later than expected. This can be linked to conditions like Hypogonadism, where sex hormone production is insufficient. Conversely, precocious puberty involves early onset of secondary sexual characteristics, often due to early activation of hormonal pathways or underlying medical issues.

Other associated conditions include Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome, which impact normal growth and sexual maturation. Early diagnosis and management—often involving hormone therapy—are essential to support normal development, improve psychological well-being, and prevent long-term complications.