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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by elevated androgen levels, irregular or absent ovulation, and polycystic?appearing ovaries on ultrasound. Typical symptoms include infrequent or prolonged menstrual cycles, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism such as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia, and often associated weight gain or central obesity. Many women with PCOS also have insulin resistance, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease if left unmanaged.

Diagnosis usually relies on a combination of clinical history, hormone assays (LH, FSH, testosterone, AMH), and pelvic imaging, applying internationally accepted criteria such as the Rotterdam criteria. Treatment is individualized and focuses on symptom control, metabolic health, and fertility preservation. Lifestyle interventions—balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight optimization—are cornerstone measures, often supplemented by hormonal contraceptives for cycle regulation and anti?androgen effects, or insulin?sensitizing drugs such as metformin. For those seeking pregnancy, ovulation?induction agents (e.g., clomiphene, letrozole) or assisted reproductive techniques may be used.