Goitre

Goitre is when the thyroid gland, which is shaped like a butterfly and sits at the base of the neck, is too big. It can happen to anyone, regardless of age, and may show up as a lump or swelling in the neck. People with goitre often have problems with their thyroid hormone levels, which can be too high (hyperthyroidism) or too low (hypothyroidism). However, some people with goitre have normal hormone levels. Iodine insufficiency is one of the most common causes of thyroid hormone production problems around the world. Other things that might cause it are autoimmune diseases, including Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; thyroid nodules; inflammation; or even some drugs.

The size and aetiology of the goitre can change the symptoms. Some people with small goitres don't have any concerns, but larger ones might make it difficult to swallow, breathe, or feel tight in the throat. A physical exam, blood tests to check hormone levels, imaging tests, and occasionally a biopsy are all common ways to make a diagnosis. The treatment depends on what caused the problem. It could be iodine supplements, drugs, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery in very hazardous situations. Early detection of problems prevents complications and ensures proper handling.