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Brittle diabetes is a rare and serious type of diabetes that causes blood sugar levels to change a lot and in ways that are difficult to predict. It is most often linked to type 1 diabetes and can lead to repeated episodes of very high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). These sudden changes make it very difficult to manage diabetes and can have a big effect on quality of life.

People with brittle diabetes may have to go to the hospital a lot because of diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia, or passing out. Stress, hormonal changes, delayed stomach emptying (gastroparesis), poor insulin absorption, infections, or other mental health problems that are already present can all contribute to the condition. Occasionally, there isn't a clear reason for something.
Depending on the level of blood sugar, symptoms can include dizziness, confusion, sweating, tiredness, shakiness, nausea, blurry vision, or sudden weakness. Brittle diabetes can disrupt work, sleep, and daily life.
Management necessitates a highly personalised strategy, encompassing continuous glucose monitoring, regular insulin modifications, dietary planning, and strict medical oversight. Psychological support might also be important. With better diabetes technology, structured care, and regular follow-up, many people with brittle diabetes can become more stable and avoid serious problems over time.