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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes, most commonly associated with Type 1 Diabetes but occasionally occurring in Type 2. It develops when the body cannot produce enough insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and the breakdown of fat for energy. This process generates ketones, acidic byproducts that accumulate in the blood, causing metabolic imbalance.

Symptoms of DKA often appear rapidly and include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, and fruity-smelling breath. Severe cases can progress to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and even coma if untreated. Triggers include missed insulin doses, infections, illness, or physical stress.

Diagnosis involves blood tests showing high glucose, elevated ketones, and acidosis. Immediate treatment is critical and typically includes intravenous insulin, fluids to correct dehydration, and electrolyte replacement.

Hospitalization is often required to stabilize the patient and prevent complications.

Prevention focuses on consistent insulin therapy, regular blood glucose monitoring, and early recognition of warning signs. Education about sick-day management and prompt medical attention during illness are vital. With timely intervention and proper management, individuals can recover fully from DKA and reduce the risk of recurrence.