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Multiple pregnancy refers to the presence of two or more fetuses in a single gestation, most commonly twins or triplets. It can occur naturally but is more frequently associated with fertility treatments such as ovulation induction and In Vitro Fertilization, where more than one embryo may be transferred to improve success rates. While this approach can increase the likelihood of conception, it also raises significant maternal and fetal risks.

For mothers, multiple pregnancy is linked with higher chances of complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, anemia, and gestational diabetes. The physical demands on the body are greater, often leading to fatigue, back pain, and increased need for medical monitoring. Delivery is also more likely to require cesarean section.

For babies, the primary concern is preterm birth, which can result in low birth weight, respiratory distress, and developmental challenges. There is also an increased risk of neonatal intensive care admission and long-term health issues.

To reduce these risks, modern fertility practices emphasize single embryo transfer whenever appropriate. Close prenatal care, proper nutrition, and regular monitoring are essential to manage multiple pregnancies and improve outcomes for both mother and babies.