Asthenozoospermia (Poor Sperm Motility)

Asthenozoospermia, or poor sperm motility, occurs when fewer than 32% of sperm show progressive movement per WHO criteria. This reduces sperm's ability to reach and fertilize the egg, contributing to 40% of male infertility cases. Semen analysis confirms the diagnosis, assessing total and progressive motility.

Primary Causes

Common triggers include varicocele impairing testicular blood flow, genital infections, hormonal imbalances, and genetic factors affecting sperm tails. Lifestyle issues like smoking, obesity, excessive heat exposure, poor diet, and toxins also lower motility.

Diagnostic Approach

Semen analysis is key, repeated after abstinence. Additional tests check hormones, ultrasounds for varicocele, and genetic screening if needed. Assessing morphology and count provides full picture.

Treatment Options

Lifestyle changes—quitting smoking, balanced diet with zinc/antioxidants, exercise, avoiding heat—often improve motility. Treat infections with antibiotics, varicocele surgically, or use hormonal therapy. For severe cases, ICSI in IVF bypasses motility issues effectively.