Ovarian Reserve & Age-Related Factors

Ovarian Reserve Basics

Ovarian reserve refers to the pool of viable eggs in a woman's ovaries, crucial for fertility. Women are born with 1-2 million eggs, dropping to about 25,000 by age 37. Age drives a progressive decline, with fecundity peaking between 20 and 30 years and falling sharply after 35.

Age-Related Decline

Chronological age is the primary factor, as 95% of reproductive aging stems from age and genetics. Ovaries age faster than other organs, with egg quality and quantity diminishing, leading to poorer ovarian stimulation responses. By mid-30s, vascular aging disrupts follicle development despite sufficient reserve. Fecundity drops dramatically post-37, heightening infertility risks.

Assessment Markers

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and progesterone strongly correlate with age and predict ovarian reserve better than FSH or LH. AMH and AFC decline linearly, offering a reliable fertility prognosis, especially over 35. These tests guide IVF success and treatment planning.

Beyond Age Factors

While age dominates, lifestyle, environment, stress, and diet influence hormonal balance and early aging. Genetic predispositions and medical history exacerbate declines, emphasizing holistic fertility evaluation.