Congenital Uterine Anomalies (septate Uterus, Bicornuate Uterus)

Congenital uterine anomalies are structural defects in the uterus that are apparent at birth and caused by the Müllerian ducts not developing or fusing correctly during foetal life. The Septate Uterus, which has a fibrous or muscular wall that divides the uterine cavity, and the Bicornuate Uterus, which has a heart-shaped appearance due to incomplete fusion of the Müllerian ducts, are two of the most prevalent forms.

A septate uterus has a fibrous or muscular wall that divides the uterine cavity. This condition can make it harder for an embryo to implant and raise the risk of having another miscarriage. A bicornuate uterus, on the other hand, has a partial indentation on the outside that makes it look like a heart with two separate uterine horns. This syndrome is more frequently linked to premature labour and aberrant foetal positioning than early pregnancy loss.

 Many women with congenital defects remain asymptomatic, and healthcare professionals may only detect them during infertility assessments or pregnancy complications. For accurate discrimination between kinds, diagnostic methods include 3D ultrasound, MRI, and hysteroscopy.

Management is contingent upon symptoms and reproductive history. A hysteroscopic septum excision is often used to treat a septate uterus to make it easier to become pregnant. A bicornuate uterus often does not necessitate surgical intervention unless complications are significant. Early diagnosis allows for better reproductive planning and better outcomes for pregnant women.