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Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a condition that affects the heart's structure or the major vessels when a baby is born, making it difficult for blood to flow through the heart normally. Congenital heart disease develops during foetal growth when cardiac structures like septa, valves, or arteries are not formed correctly. Ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), tetralogy of Fallot, and patent ductus arteriosus are some of the most common forms.

The clinical appearance varies significantly depending on the severity and kind of impairment. Some babies don't show any signs of illness, but others may experience cyanosis, fast breathing, trouble eating, low weight gain, or frequent respiratory infections. In serious circumstances, heart failure can happen early in life.

Echocardiography is usually used to make a diagnosis, together with a chest X-ray and an electrocardiogram. In many places, prenatal ultrasound can find some cardiac problems before birth, which lets doctors plan and act quickly.
In minor situations, management may involve observation, but in more complex issues, it may include drugs, catheter-based procedures, or corrective surgery, depending on the specific cardiac condition diagnosed. Improvements in paediatric cardiology and heart surgery have made it much more likely that children will live and have a better quality of life.