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Neonatal hypoglycaemia is when a newborn's blood sugar level drops below the normal range for their age, usually within the first few days of life. If you don't fix low levels of glucose quickly, they can harm the brain's ability to work properly. This disorder is more common in babies who were born too early, babies who were born too small, babies whose mothers had diabetes, babies who were stressed out during pregnancy or after birth, or babies who had sepsis.

The pathophysiology includes inadequate glucose production, constrained glycogen reserves, or heightened glucose consumption. After delivery, neonates must convert from a continuous maternal glucose supply to intermittent feeding; failure of this metabolic transition may lead to hypoglycaemia. Clinical signs may be mild, encompassing jitteriness, inadequate feeding, lethargy, apnoea, hypothermia, and seizures in severe instances.

Blood glucose testing confirms the diagnosis, and in at-risk newborns, the process sometimes means taking measurements over and over again. Management emphasises early feeding, whether by nursing or formula, and intravenous glucose delivery in symptomatic or severe instances. Preventing problems also involves identifying high-risk newborns and ensuring timely feeding. To avoid long-term problems like developmental delay or severe brain injury, it is very important to recognise and treat the problem right away.