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They are more likely to be an indication of a neurological problem than a primary epilepsy issue. Hypoxic-ischaemic injury is the most prevalent cause; however, intracranial haemorrhage, infections like meningitis, metabolic problems (including hypoglycaemia and hypocalcaemia), and congenital brain deformities can also cause it.

Neonatal seizures may not be as obvious as seizures in older children. Some of the clinical signs are repeated facial movements, lip smacking, ocular deviation, apnoea, or strange limb positioning. It can be challenging to spot these signals quickly because they are easy to miss.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is used to help confirm seizure activity and assess brain function during diagnosis. Lab studies are necessary to find metabolic issues that can be treated, and neuroimaging tests like ultrasonography or MRI may show structural problems, which can help guide appropriate treatment options for the patient.

Management focuses on treating the origin of the problem and stopping the seizures. Anticonvulsants like phenobarbital are frequently the first line of treatment. It is very important to provide supportive care, such as stabilising the airway, breath, and circulation.

Early diagnosis and proper care are crucial since newborn seizures can lead to long-term neurological problems like developmental delay, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy.