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Omphalitis is the medical word for an infection of the newborn's umbilical stump by bacteria. This issue usually happens in the first week of life, especially in places where hygiene is bad or the cord is not taken care of properly. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus species are some of the most prevalent germs that cause the infection.

Omphalitis is characterised by erythema, oedema, increased temperature, and a purulent exudate surrounding the umbilical stump. If the infection becomes really severe, it can spread to other tissues and cause cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis, or even systemic sepsis. If not treated, these can be life-threatening. Risk factors include low birth weight, extended rupture of membranes, home deliveries lacking sterile precautions, and the use of non-sterile substances on the cord.

Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical signs and symptoms; however, laboratory investigations may be necessary if systemic involvement is suspected. Management includes the immediate administration of broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics and supportive care. In some severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Prevention is highly important and includes things like clean delivery techniques, adequate hand hygiene, and caring for the dry cord. Some places propose using topical antiseptics like chlorhexidine to lower the risk of infection. Identifying the problem early and getting treatment right away makes a big difference in the outcome.